Vatives of high molecular weight mannich reaction condensation concentrate and crankcase oils comprising oil solutions of boron deri

ABSTRACT

OIL SOLUTIONS CONTAINING 0.1-70 WEIGHT PERCENT OF BORON-CONTAINING MANNICH REACTION CONDENSATION PRODUCTS OF (1) HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT ALKYL-SUBSTITUTED HYDROXYAROMATIC COMPOUNDS WHOSE ALKYL SUBSTITUENT HAS UPWARD FROM 40 TO 20,000 CARBON ATOMS, (2) AMINE WHICH CONTAINS AN HN&lt; GROUP, AND (3) AN ALDEHYDE IN THE RESPECTIVE REACTANT MOLAR RATION OF 1:0.1-10:1.0-10, FURTHER CONDENSED WITH A BORON COMPOUND ARE NOVEL LUBRICANT OIL COMPOSITIONS. SUCH SOLUTIONS AFFORD PROTECTION AGAINST SLUDGE AND VARNISH DEPOSITION AND CORROSION ON OR IN ENGINE PARTS.

US. Cl. 252-49.6 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE 0 Oil solutions containing 0.1-70 weight percent of boron-containing Mannich Reaction condensation products of (1) high molecular weight alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compounds whose alkyl substituent has upward from 40 to 20,000 carbon atoms, (2) an amine which contains an HN group, and (3) an aldehyde in the respective reactant molar ratio of 1:0.1-10:l.0l0, further condensed with a boron compound are novel lubricant oil compositions. Such solutions afford protection against sludge and varnish deposition and corrosion on or in engine parts.

RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a divisional applicationof our copending application Ser. No. 816,079, filed Apr. 14, 1969 now US. Pat. No. 3,697,574 which is a continuation-inpart of our copending application Ser. No. 502,368, filed Oct. 22, 1965, now US. Pat. No. 3,539,633.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Present-day automobile and diesel engines have been designed for higher-power output, lower combustion products emission and longer in service periods of use of crankcase lubricating oils. All of these design changes have necessitated devising higher efficiency lubricating oils that will under the increased severity of in service use afford protection against corrosion of and deposition of sludge and varnish on engine parts that otherwise tend to accelerate decrease in both operating efficiency and life of the engine. The principal ingredient of crankcase lubricants is lubricating oil, a mixture of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum. There is a limit to which those hydrocarbon oils per se can be improved, e.g. removal of polymerizable components, acidic or acid forming components, waxes and other low temperature solids formers, and other deleterious components. A lubricant base oil refined even to the optimum still requires certain oilsoluble chemical addition agents to resist oxidation of the oil, deposition of sludge and varnish on metal parts and I corrosion of metal parts and to provide added lubricity and regulated viscosity change from low to high temperatures. No one chemical addition agent has been found that provides all those extra functions.

Combustion products from the burning of fuel, lubricating oil and nitrogen of air as well as products of thermal degradation of hydrocarbon lubricating oils and addition agents tend to concentrate in the crankcase oil.

Patented Sept. 4, 1973 ice addition agent solutes but also to keep in suspension (as I a dispersant) or to resuspend (as a detergent) insoluble combustion and thermal degradation products as well as neutralize acidic products. Neutral and overbased metalloorganic compounds such as the alkaline earth metal salts of sulfonic acids and hydrocarbon-P 5 reaction products were first used as dispersant-detergent addition agents.

Their in service drawbacks were that their combustion and/ or thermal degradation products left metal ash solids, they could not efiiciently resuspend or disperse lacquer and varnish formers or sludge formers to meet presentday engine requirements and they lost their dispersantdetergent function when their alkaline earth metal component had been consumed by neutralizing acidic products of combustion.

Thus as the periods of in service use of crankcase oils were lengthened, lengthening of periods between oil drains for both automobile engines and railway diesel engines, more efficient dispersancy and detergency performance acid neutralization and a lower ash-forming tendency were needed for chemical addition agents used in lubricating oils. Many researchers have recently expended much eifort directed to this problem. One new approach taken by researchers in different laboratories was to devise amine derivatives, e.g. salts, amides, imides and amidines of polycarboxylic acids that would function as dispersant-detergent addition agents. Others devised polymeric compounds having pendent or grafted-on pendent polar groups that provided the dispersant-detergent function. Still others devised for that dispersantdetergent function combinations of alkaline earth metal sulfonates and Mannich condensation products of a low molecular weight alkyl-substituted (C to C hydroxyaromatic compound, an amine having at least one replaceable hydrogen on a nitrogen and an aldehyde or alkaline earth metal salts (phenates) of those Mannich condensation products. Those combinations did not overcome the formation of metal-ash nor were they particularly suitable for the increased dispersancy-detergency service for long drain service of present-day engine requirements even though the combination offered some anti-oxidation activity.

The present invention is directed to boron-containing derivatives of high molecular weight Mannich condensation products derived from high molecular weight alkylated hydroxyaromatic compounds. Mannich condensation because those prior Mannich condensation products per se are not particularly suitable as sole dispersant-detergent addition agents for crankcase lubricants.

The Mannich condensation products closest to those from which the boron-containing derivatives of the present invention are derived are those Mannich condensation products illustrated below. One type of prior Mannich condensation product is that derived from the reaction of a low molecular weight alkyl phenol, an N,N-disubstituted amine and formaldehyde according to the following equation:

wherein R is a C to C alkyl group or chlorinated wax (straight chain) alkyl group and R is a alkyl and/or aryl radical.

A second type of prior Mannich condensation product is obtained by C to C alkyl phenols, formaldehyde and a diamine or diamino arene in the ratio of two moles of said alkyl phenol and two moles formaldehyde for each mole of diamine of the formula H N'R'NH wherein R is a divalent alkylene or arylene hydrocarbon. Such condensation products have been illustrated in the prior art by the following structural formula:

where R is divalent alkylene or arylene hydrocarbon and R is a C to C alkyl hydrocarbon group.

A third type of prior Mannich condensation product are those resulting from the reaction of from 0.5 to 2 moles each of C to C alkyl phenol and formaldehyde for each basic nitrogen in a polyamine such as an alkylene polyamine of the formula HzN- A-N- H where A is a divalent alkylene radical of 2 to 6 carbon atoms and n is an integer of from 1 to 10 or a polymeric ethylene imine of 30,000 to 40,000 molecular weight. The resulting products are illustrated in US. Pat. No. 3,036,- 003. It would appear from this reference that the reactants used for the preparation of those Mannich condensation products react equally with either the primary amino (NH group or the secondary amino (-NH-) groups in the alkylene polyamine or polymeric ethylene imine chain substantially without preference.

Certain of the Mannich condensation products are disclosed by US Pat. No. 3,036,003 as useful per se in as an oil soluble dispersant. For example, 2% of thetetra-(Z- hydroxy-S-tertiary octyl benzyl) substituted product (from use of the molar ratio reaction of 4 moles p-t.octyl phenol, 4 moles formaldehyde and one mole tetraethylene pentamine used in a carbon black suspension test according to that patent kept all (0.25 gram) of the carbon black suspended in a hydrocarbon solvent (mixture of equal vvolumes of each of kerosene and a mineral oil blendhaving v 4 pared by reacting the alkyl phenol, lower aliphatic aldehyde (such as formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde and acetaldehyde) and amine, diaminoalkane, diaminoarene or alkylene polyamine at to 350 F. in the absence or presence of a solvent. When a solvent is used, benzene, toluene, xylene and others easily removed from the condensation product are useful as are light mineral oil such as those used in blending stocks to prepare lubricant oil formulations as well as mixtures of these two types of solvents. Since water is formed as a by-product, the condensation reaction is conducted at least in part at atemperature sufficiently high, at least during the last part of the process, to drive off by-product either as water, as such, or as an azeotropic mixture with the aromatic solvent.

Also the prior art type Mannich condensation products were mainly taught as useful in lubricants in the form of the exactly neutralized or highly basic (or over-based) alkaline earth metal salts (alkaline earth metal phenate derivatives) of the Mannich products. The free phenates were not considered to have sufficient detergency or dispersancy to supply these functions alone but rather were taught as useful in combination with other detergent or dispersant, e.g. calcium or magnesium sulfonates, addition agents.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Our invention is predicated upon the following discoveries: We have discovered that novel boron-containing derivatives of high molecular weight Mannich condensa-.

tion. products can be prepared from reactants (1) an alkylsubstituted hydroxyaromatic (phenolic) compounds having upward from 40 to about 20,000 carbon atoms in the alkyl substituent, (2) a compound having an active hydrogen on a nitrogen, i.e. having an HN group, and (3) an aldehyde by reacting or condensing a boron compound, e.g. boric acids and boric acid esters with the high molecular weight Mannich condensation products to provide a boron to nitrogen (B/N) weight ratio of 0.1 to 4.0. Further, we have discovered that lubricating oil solutions of those boron-containing high molecular weight Mannich condensation products having 0.1 to 70 weight percent of such boron-containing additives as solutes are novel compositions that provide or can be used to provide improved lubricant compositions having highly efficient dispersantdetergent properties and antioxidant properties.

The high molecular weight Mannich condensation products of this invention can be made by using the abovenamed reactants in the respective molar ratio suitably of 1:0.110:1.010'and desirably 1:0.71.0:1.052.1. The technique for preparing such high molecular weight condensation products is, in general, the same as that before described to prepare the prior art low molecular weight Mannich condensation products. But for Mannich products having more thna one molar equivalent of methylone or substituted methylene bridge (from the aldehyde reactant) joining hydroxyalkylphenyl to amino nitrogen, a

two condensation step preparative method can be advantageously used. For example, the two Mannich condensation step route is advantageous for use of reactants (1), (2) and (3) above in the respective molar ratio of 1.0:0.7-1.0:1.052.l when the amine reactant contains two primary amino (NH radicals. For example, in

place of adding all of the formaldehyde yielding reactant to a mixture of alkyl phenol and such amines as have two primary amino radicals under Mannich condensation reaction conditions as in the general technique, two-thirds of the formaldehyde yielding reactant is added to a mixture of alkyl phenol and amine having two primary amino radicals under Mannich reaction conditions and after the first by-products water has been substantially removed, the last one-third of formaldehyde yielding reactant is added under Mannich reaction conditions. Such a two Mannich step condensation reaction product, it is believed, is a mixture of head-to-tail and taiI-to-tail type of bis-Mannich condensation products hereafter illustrated in simplified form rather than a more complex mixture of condensation products as would likely result from a one step Mannich reaction using the same three reactants in the same reactant molar ratio. Analytical inspection of such mixture of head-to-tail and tail-to-tail condensation products tends to exclude methylene group bridging between nitrogen of secondary-amino groups and aromatic nuclear carbons especially when the amine reactant is a polyalkylene polyamine having three or more nitrogens as in diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, pentaethylene hexamine and the like polyamines.

The general Mannich condensation preparative technique of adding all of the formaldehyde yielding reactant to the mixture of high molecular weight alkyl phenol and polyamine reactant under Mannich reaction conditions produces from the respective molar ratio of those reactants (1), (2) and (3) of 1:0.71:1.52.1, highly useful products substantially equivalent in nitrogen utilization, viscosity and in service performance to the products from the above described two Mannich condensation step process.

The boron-containing derivatives of any of the foregoing high molecular weight Mannich condensation products are the products of this invention and, as before stated, are highly useful as lubricating oil addition agents. These boron-containing derivatives that a B/N ratio of 0.1 to 4.0 and can be made by condensation or reaction compound of (1) those high molecular weight Mannich condensation products and (2) a boron compound reactive and/or coordinatable with a polar group such as an hydroxy group and/or a nitrogen-containing group present in the Mannich condensation products. Boron compounds having that property of reaction and/or coordination include boron oxide, boron oxide hydrate, borone tn'fiuoride, boron tribromide, boron trichloride, HBF boron acids such as boronic acid (e.g. alkyl-B- (OH) or aryl-B(OH) boric acid (i.e. H BO tetraboric acid (i.e., H B O metaboric acid (i.e., HBO amides of such boron acids, and esters of such boron acids. The use of boric acid as the reactant to introduce boron into the high molecular weight Mannich condensation products is preferred. The manner of using such boron reactants with nitrogen-containing compounds in general is known and is disclosed for example in US. Pat. No. 3,000,916 and No. 3,087,936 among others.

As mentioned before the boron-containing derivatives of the high molecular weight Mannich condensation products of this invention are exceptionally useful addition agents for lubricating oil imparting thereto dispersantdetergent and antioxidant properties at relatively low concentrations of the addition agents, e.g. 0.1 to 10 weight percent in formulated crankcase lubricating oils. Higher concentrations of those addition agents, e.g. upward from 10 and up to 70 weight percent are useful concentrates for the preparation of those formulated crankcase lubricating oils and the fortification of used crankcase oil prior to scheduled complete drain. In contrast, boron-containing derivatives of prior known Mannich condensation products derived from low molecular weight alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compounds whose alkyl groups contain 2 to 20 carbon atoms are wholly unacceptable as dispersant-detergent addition agents for crankcase lubricating oils.

Illustration of the foregoing superiority of the present inventive boron-containing derivatives of Mannich condensation products from high molecular weight alkyl-substituted phenols over the prior art Mannich condensation products from low molecular weight alkyl phenols can be made by consideration of their abilities to prevent sludge and varnish deposition in standardized, industry accepted engine tests. To be acceptable dispersant-detergent addition agents for such in service use in present-day engines, the addition agents must provide dispersancydetergency functions in those-tests so that at the end of the engine test upon inspection of disassembled engine parts they provide over-all sludge and varnish deposit ratings of 40 and over. Such ratings are determined on a 050 scale where a rating of 50 for each of sludge and varnish means a clean engine free from detectable sludge and varnish. The boron-containing prior art Mannich condensation products used in crankcase lubricating oils as the sole source of dispersant-detergent addition agent at the maximum concentration levels at which they can be incorporated in lubricating oil cannot provide acceptable sludge or varnish ratings when used in such a standardized engine test. However, the present inventive boroncontaining Mannich condensation products when used as the sole dispersant-detergent addition agent in lubricating oils suitably in the range of 0.1 to 10 and preferably 0.5 to 5.0, weight percent provide crankcase lubricating oils that in the same standardized engine tests give sludge and varnish ratings of 40 and higher, e.g. in the range of 45 to 50.

EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION Representative high molecular weight Mannich condensation products used to prepare the inventive boroncontaining product can be prepared from the following representative reactants of the classes before defined.

(1) High molecular weight alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatics Representative of these high molecular weight alkylsubstituted hydroxyaromatic compounds are polypropylphenol, polybutylphenol, polyamylphenol and other polyalkyl phenols obtained by the alkylation of phenol with the appropriate molecular weight polypropylene, polybutylene, polyamylene and the like to give the suitable C to Czo'ooo alkyl substituent on the benzene ring of phenol. Also such substituted cresols, thymol, carvacrol, hydroxy xylenes, naphthols and the like with C to CZO'OOO alkylsubstituents can be used. The C to Czo'ooo substituted alkyl-substituted phenols are preferred.

The C and higher high molecular weight alkyl-substituted phenols preferably are derived from the appro priate polypropylenes, polybutenes (polymers of l-butene, 2-butene, isobutylene and mixtures thereof) copolymers of propylene with monomers copolymerizable therewith or coplymers of butenes (butene-1, butene-2 and isobutylene) with monomers copolymerizable therewith wherein the copolymer molecule contains at least Le. 90 to propylene or butene units. Saidmonomers copolymerizable with propylene or said butenes need not be hydrocarbon. monomers for they can contain polar groups such as chloro, bromo, keto ethereal, aldehyde and other polar groups can also contain nonaliphatic groups such as from styrene, ot-methyl styrene, a,p-dimethyl styrene, divinyl benzene and the like. From the foregoing limitation placed on the propylene and butylene units (90 to 100% of those units) the comonomers copolymerized with propylene or said butenes, provide from 0 to 10% of the units in the copolymer. Said polymers and copolymers of propylene and butenes are thus substantially aliphatic hydrocarbon polymers. The resulting alkylated phenols are C and higher carbon content substantially alkyl hydrocarbon substituted phenols.

Preferred as the high molecular weight alkyl-substituted phenol reactants are those whose alkyl-substituent has a molecular weight in the range of 600 to 3000 and more preferably in the range of 800 to 2500. Of such alkyl-substituted phenols the polypropyl and polybutyl phenols having 100% propyl or butyl units in the polypropyl or polybutyl-substituent are preferred.

(2) HN group containing reactants Representative of this class of reactants are those amine reactants having at least one active hydrogen atom on a nitrogen atom known as useful amine reactants for the preparation of the prior art Mannich products. Such HN group containing reactants can contain only primary amino groups, only secondary amino groups or both primary and secondary amino groups. Monoand dialkyl amines suitable for use in the preparation of Mannich condensation products are well known. Other typically suitable amine reactants include the diamino alkanes, and such diamino arenes as mand p-phenylene diamine and diamine naphthalenes and di(amino alkyl) substituted nitrogen-heterocyclic amines as the N,N- di( amino methyl), di( amino ethyl) and di( amino propyl) piperazines. The polyalkylene polyamines of the formula H- N-A NH; (1'.

wherein A is a divalent hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 8 carbons and x is an integer from 1 to 10 are quite useful because of the alkalivity provided by the secondary amino radicals in the chain. The divalent radical A is preferably an ethylene or propylene radical although it can desirably be a phenylene radical. Other useful representative amine reactants are disclosed in prior art relating to prior Mannich product preparation from C to C alkylsubstituted phenols and reference can be made to prior art disclosures for additional amine reactants having at least one HN radical.

Suitable alkylene polyamine reactants include ethylenediamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, pentaethylene hexamine, hexaethylene hepta-amine, heptaethylene octamine, octaethylene nonamine, nonaethylene decamine and decaethylene undecamine and mixtures of such amines having nitrogen contents corresponding to the alkylene polyamines, in the formula H N- AI]I-) H mentioned before, A is divalent ethylene and x is 3 to 10 of the foregoing formula. Corresponding propylene polyamines such as propylene diamine and di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-propylene tri-, tetra-, pentaand hexa-, hep'taand octa-amines are also suitable reactants. The alkylene polyamines are usually obtained by the reaction of ammonia and dihalo alkanes, such as dichloro alkanes. Thus the alkylene polyamines obtained from the reaction of 2 to 11 moles of ammonia with 1 to 10 moles of dichloro alkanes having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and the chlorines on different carbons.

Also suitable polyamine type reactants are condensation products of urea or thiourea and the alkylene polyamines wherein for each x moles of urea or thiourea 2x moles of alkylene polyamine are used. Such a condensation product can have the formula:

iy t-t-i- -rwherein x is 1-10 and A are as above defined and 2 in oxygen or sulfur.

ETTEM l1 8 ALDEHYDE REACTANTS Representative aldehyde reactants include the aldehyde reactants disclosed in the prior art concerned with the preparation of Mannich condensation products from C to C alkyl-substituted phenols. For specific classes of such aldehydes and specific members of those classes reference can be made to such prior art disclosures. For the purposes of this invention the aldehyde preferred is formaldehyde and formaldehyde affording compounds such as formalin, paraformaldehyde and trioxymethylene.

The present invention is not predicated on the fact that the C and above alkyl substituents in the boron-containing derivatives of the Mannich condensation products make them more oil-soluble than the C to C type prior art Mannich condensation products. But rather invention is predicated on the fact that those higher molecular weight, C to Czoooo alkyl substituents make the high molecular weight boron-containing derivatives of the Mannich condensation products superior dispersant-detergent addition agents.

Since the products of this invention are ultimately for use in preparing lubricant oil formulations, it is advantageous to use light mineral oil, e.g. from white mineral oils to solvent extracted SAE 10 grade oils, as the reaction solvent. The high molecular weight Mannich condensation products of this invention are then obtained as solutes in concentrations of 40 to Weight percent in said mineral oil solvents. This is readily accomplished by using oil solutions of the C and higher carbon content alkyl-substituted phenol reactant dissolved in light mineral oil of from white mineral oil to SAE 10 grade oil. The examples which follow illustrate the preparation of products of this invention.

As mentioned before the Mannich condensation prod ucts obtained from the two step condensation are products that are likely mixtures of tail-to-tail, tail-to-head coupling. The following formulae are illustrative of such couplings in simple single but predominant products of the Mannich condensation:

Formula (I): Tail-to-Tail Formula (III): Tail-to-Tail Formula 1v Tail-to-Head wherein A is a saturated divalent alkyl hydrocarbon group of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, x is 1 to 10, Z is oxygen or sulfur and R is an alkyl hydrocarbon group of from 40 to 20,000 carbon atoms. The inventive boron-containing derivatives of compounds of Formulae I, II, III and IV are believed to have the respective moieties from boric acid, boron oxide, b'oron halides and esters of boron acids as a stable complex with the amino nitrogens (sometimes referred to as boron coordinate complexes). These boron-containing derivatives are more properly boron compound interaction products for the reasons hereinafter appearing.

It is known that boron halides such as boron trifiuoride, boron triiodide and boron trichloride can form an interaction product with phenolic hydroxy groups, i.e. hydroxy group substituents on a benzene ring. It has also been demonstrated that boron oxide, boron oxide hydrate, boron trifiuoride, boron triiodide, boron tribromide, boron trichloride, boric acid, boronic acids (such as alkyl-B-(OH) and aryl-B-(OH) tetraboric acid, metaboric acid and esters of boric acids form interaction products with other polar groups such as the primary and secondary amino (-NH and NH) radical as Well as phenolic hydroxy groups. Ethers, organic acids, inorganic acids or hydrocarbons complexed with boron halides can be used as convenient means for introducing the boron compound as a reactant into the oil solutions of the high molecular weight Mannich products to prepare the boron-containing products of this invention. More specifically in place of the aqueous solution of boric acid, dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution of boric acid and oil slurry of boric acid used in the examples hereinbefore set forth, there can be used boron trifiuoride-diethyl ether complex. boron trifluoride-phosphoric acid complex, boron trichloride-chloroacetic acid complex, boron tribromidedioxane complex, boron trifiuoride-methyl ethyl ether complex.

The boron reactant when introduced as a boronic acid can be methylboronic acid, phenylboronic acid, cyclohexylboronic acid, p-octylphenylboronic acid, decylboronic acid and the like. The boron reactant when introduced as an ester of boric acid can be monodiand tri-esters derived by a means well known to the chemist by reacting one mole boric acid or tetraboric acid with such hydroxy compounds as alkanols, alkylene diols, cycloalkanols and the like. These esters of boric acids can be used to replace boric acid reactant illustrated in the examples hereinbefore set forth.

Since the boron reactant can form an interaction product with any or all of the polar groups, the phenolic hydroxy, the secondary amino and primary amino groups present in compounds having structural Formulae I, II, III and IV hereinbefore set forth, it is not known with certainty which of the polar groups are involved in the formation of the interaction product but it is believed that it is the amino groups with which boric acid forms the stable interaction product. It is not essential for the purposes of this invention for the boron compound reactant to form an interaction product with one or more particular polar group present as long as stable boron compound interaction product forms. By stable boron compound interaction product is meant one that can be heated at least to 300350 F. and filtered at 300-350 F. without substantially completely removing boron from the solute in the filtrate. It is desirable to have B/ N ratios (weight ratio of boron to nitrogen) in the range of 0.01 to 1.0 and preferably in the range of from 0.05 to 0.5, present in the solute inventive boron-containing Mannich condensation products. Such stable boron interaction products when used in lubricant oil formulations provide better anticorrosion and/or anti-wear protection and dispersancydetergency than boron-containing derivatives of prior Mannich products especially when alkaline earth metal salts of alkylbenzenes sulfonic acids, e.g. calcium or mag- 10 nesium salts of C to Cmouo alkyl-substituted benzene sulfonic acids, are also employed as addition agents.

The following examples will illustrate specific embodiments of this invention.

Example 1 There are combined 1000 grams of a SAE 5 oil solution having 35 percent NAMW 892 polypropyl phenols (alkyl group from polypropylene) by weight (0.392 mole alkyl phenol) and 0.392 mole tetraethylene pentamine (TEPA). This mixture is stirred and heated to 210 F. and 32 milliliters formaldehyde (0.392 mole) are added slowly permitting the temperature of the reaction mixture to increase to about 240 F. The resulting mixture is heated to 340 F. and nitrogen is injected at 1.0 c.f.h. for minutes. The final temperature is 320 F. This mixture is stirred and cooled to 180 F. and an additional 32 milliliters formaldehyde are added increasing the reaction temperature to 200 F. At this temperature 40.9 grams (0.55 mole) boric acid (ratio of 0.4 B to 1.0 N) is added and the resulting mixture is stirred and heated to 330 F., held at this temperature with nitrogen injection at 1.0 c.f.h. for 10 hours. The resulting hazy reaction mixture is filtered. The filtrate, a clear liquid is analyzed for nitrogen and boron. The nitrogen content is 1.7 percent and boron content is 0.16 percent, both by weight.

Example 2 There are combined, stirred and heated to 180 F. 0.482 mole TEPA and 2500 grams of 33% by weight 1713 NAMW polybutyl phenol in solvent extracted SAE 5W oil to provide 0.482 mole of said polybutyl phenol. Then 0.482 mole CH O is added and the liquid mixture is stirred and heated to 340 F. and held at that temperature for minutes while injecting nitrogen at 2 c.f.h. Thereafter the liquid reaction mixture is cooled to 180 F., an additional 0.482 mole formaldehyde is added and the resulting liquid is stirred and heated to 340 F. while 2 c.f.h. nitrogen is injected for 5 hours. The resulting liquid is filtered at 300 F.

The 300 F. filtrate, a clear-bright liquid, is cooled to 250 F. under a nitrogen gas blanket and then 9.5 grams boric acid slurried in 20 grams SAE 5 oil is added. The resulting mixture is held at 250 F. for 60 minutes, is then heated to 300 F. and held at 300 F. with nitrogen injection at 2 c.f.h. for 60 minutes. The resulting solution of borated product solute in SAE 5 oil is filtered through Celite at about 300 F. The filtrate is a bright liquid showing no Tyndall effect when light is reflected from the filtrate; By analysis it is found that the filtrate contains 1.08% nitrogen and 0.04% boron, all by weight.-

Example 3 There are combined, stirred and heated to F. 334 grams of 33 weight percent 1900 NAMW (0.058 mole) alkyl phenol in SAE 5W oil and 0.058 mole of a boric acid derivative of TEPA (0.2 B/N). Then 0.058 mole CH O is added, the mixture is heated to 200 F. and an additional 0.058 mole CH O is added 45 minutes after the first addition. The mixture is stirred and heated to 270 F., held at 270 F. for 2 hours with 1.5 c.f.h. nitrogen injection. The liquid product is filtered at 270 F.

To 250 grams of filtrate there is slowly added 3.14 grams boric acid dissolved in 10 ml. dimethylformamide to minimize frothing by DMF'boiling. This mixture is heated to 340 F. and 2 c.f.h. nitrogen is injected for 60 minutes. The liquid product is bright and clear. DMF appears to promote the interaction of boric acid with the free amine groups. The liquid product is filtered. The filtrate is a bright clear liquid having 0.25% boron and 0.83% nitrogen as determined by analysis.

Example 4 There are combined 0.217 mole TEPA and 1250 grams of 33 weight percent 1900 NAMW polybutyl phenol dis- 1 I solved in SAE oil to provide 0.217 mole of that alkyl phenol and the mixture is stirred and heated to 120 F. The first 0.217 mole CH O is added at 120 F., nitrogen is injected at 2 c.f.h. for 30 minutes, the mixture is heated to and held at 220 F. for 105 minutes, then cooled to 200 F. at which temperature the second addition of 0.217 mole CH O is made and the reaction temperature is raised to 220 F. and there held for 2 hours. Thereafter 16 grams boric acid dissolved in 25 grams water is added at 200 F. by means of a dropping funnel. Then the reaction temperature is increased to 300 F. and held there for 90 minutes with 2 c.f.h. nitrogen injection. The liquid product is filtered. The clear bright filtrate is found, by analysis, to contain 0.16% boron and 1.07% nitrogen by weight.

Example 5 There are combined, stirred and heated to 140 F. 0.058 mole diethylene triamine and 306 grams of a 38% solution of 2000 NAMW polybutyl phenol (0.058 mole) in white oil. A first addition of 0.058 mole formaldehyde is made and the mixture is stirred and heated to 220 F. and held at 220 F. for 60 minutes. Thereafter the mixture is cooled to 200 F. and the second addition of 0.058 mole formaldehyde is made. This mixture is stirred and heated to 300 F. and held at that temperature for 2 hours. There is no evidence of unreacted formaldehyde or amine. The liquid product is filtered. The filtrate, is a light and clear liquid and has a 210 F. viscosity of 1531 SSU, a specific gravity of 0.8996 at 77 F. and from analysis is found to contain 0.67% nitrogen by weight. Boration of the foregoing Mannich product to a B/ N ratio of 3.0 can be accomplished with boric acid dissolved in DMF reacted at 320 F. for 30 minutes followed by nitrogen injection until no further water comes off.

Example 6 By substituting 0.058 mole bis-carbamide derived from DETA and urea (2 moles of DETA and 1 mole urea) in the foregoing reaction, a liquid product of 1.3 to 1.5% nitrogen by weight may be obtained. Boration of the foregoing Mannich product to a B/ N ratio of 3.0 can be accomplished with boric acid dissolved in DMF reacted at 320 F. for 30 minutes followed by nitrogen injection until no further water comes 01f.

Example 7 There are combined stirred and heated to 140 F. while injecting 2 c.f.h. nitrogen, 0.48 mole TEPA and 2500 grams of solution containing 33% by weight 1713 NAMW polybutyl phenol in SAE 5W oil. The first addition of 0.48 mole formaldehyde is made and the liquid mixture is heated to 220 F. while stirring and nitrogen injection is continued for 105 minutes. The liquid reaction mixture is cooled to 200 F., the second addition of 0.48 mole formaldehyde is made and the liquid mixture is heated to 220 F. with continued stirring and nitrogen injection for 105 minutes. Thereafter a solution of 32 grams boric acid in 76 grams water heated to 210 F. is added dropwise to the stirred liquid reaction product still at 220 F. After the aqueous solution of boric acid is added, the reaction temperature is increased to 300 F. and held at 300 F. for 90 minutes with continued stirring and nitrogen injection. The resulting oil solution of borated reaction product is filtered at 300 F. The filtrate is a clear, bright liquid and by analysis is found to contain 0.17% boron and 1.05% nitrogen, both by weight. The weight ratio B/ N in said product is 0.16.

Example 8 There are combined, stirred and heated to 140 F. with nitrogen injection at 1.5 c.f.h., a solution of 33% polybutyl phenol of 1713 NAMW (0.159 mole) in SAE 5W oil and 0.159 mole TEPA. The first addition of 0.159 mole formaldehyde is made, the reaction temperature is increased to 320 F. and held there for minutes with continued stirring and nitrogen injection. The reaction IIllX- ture is cooled to 160 F. and the second addition of 0.159 mole formaldehyde is made and 11.5 grams boric acid crystals are also added. This mixture is stirred and heated to 300 F. under a nitrogen atmosphere and held at 300 F. until no solid boric acid can be seen. Thereafter nitrogen is injected at 1.5 c.f.h. until water is substantially removed. The filtered solution of reaction product is found by analysis to have 1.11% nitrogen and 0.18% boron, both by weight. The solute reaction product has a B/ N weight ratio of 0.16.

Example 9 There are combined, stirred and heated to 140 F 2700 grams of solution of 1713 NAMW polybutyl phenol (0.58 mole) in SAE 5W oil and 0.58 mole TEPA. At 140 F. the first addition of 0.58 mole formaldehyde is made and the mixture is stirred and heated to 200 F. while injecting nitrogen at 1.0 c.f.h. for 30 minutes and then the second 0.58 mole formaldehyde addition is made at 200 F. with no nitrogen injection. This mixture is heated to 260 F. with nitrogen injection and stirred for 3 hours at 260 F. Thereafter a slurry of 63 grams boric acid in 50 grams SAE 5W oil is added with no nitrogen injection but while stirring the resulting mixture under a nitrogen blanket atmosphere. The oil solution-boric acid slurry is stirred and heated to 300 F. and held at 290 to 300 F. for 60 minutes while injecting nitrogen at 1.0 c.f.h. The resulting SAE 5W oil solution of reaction roduct is filtered at 320 F. The filtrate is found by analysis to contain 0.16% boron and 1.12% nitrogen (B/N weight ratio of 0.14) and has a 210 F. viscosity of 1700 SSU.

Example 10 The process of Example 9 is repeated using 2990 grams of 37.2% by weight 1900 NAMW polybutyl phenol (0.58 mole), 0.5 8 mole TEPA, two additions of 0.58 mole each of formaldehyde, and 43 grams boric acid slurried in 50 grams SAE 5W oil. The filtrate has a 210 F. viscosity of 1766 SSU and is found by analysis to contain 0.08% boron and 1% nitrogen with weight ratio of B/N of 0.08.

Example 11 The process of Example 10 is repeated using 2255 gallons of 46% by weight 1750 NAMW polybutyl phenol (4.32 pound moles), 376 gallons SAE 5W oil, 98 gallons (4.42 pound moles) TEPA, two additions of 350 pounds formalin (37% CH O) to provide 4.32 pound moles formaldehyde at each addition, 200 pounds boric acid slurried in 100 gallons SAE 5W oil at 250 F., and 50 gallons SAE 5W oil at 250 F. to wash boric acid slurry transfer line into the reactor. The filtrate obtained from such a process typically has a 210 F. viscosity in the range of 800 to 900 SSU and contains about 40 weight percent borated reaction product dissolved in SAE 5W oil (40% product-60% oil by weight), 1.18 to 1.22% nitrogen by weight, 0.09 to 0.11% boron by weight and a B/N ratio of 0.075 to 0.085.

An amount of the product of Example 2 contains 0.56 gram of the disubstituted amine shown in added to a measured volume of crankcase lubricant oil formulation which had been used in a Lincoln Sequence V Engine Test for 384 hours (twice the time of the standard test time). This composition is heated and stirred at 300 F. for 16 hours and an aliquot of it is transferred to blotting paper. A control is made at the same time by stirring and heating at 300 F. for 16 hours an equal volume of used oil from the 394 hour Lincoln Sequence V Engine Test and depositing an aliquot on blotting paper. The deposits on the blotting paper are measured to obtain the average diameter of the outer oil ring (Do) and the average diameter of the inner sludge ring (Ds). The ratio of Ds/Do is an indication of the detergent-dispersant property of 13 the addition agent. These ratios and the sludge settling tests are shown in Table I.

TABLE I.RIN G RATIO DETE R GEN T-DI'SPE RSAN'I SCREENING TEST Control Example 2 Grams None 0. 567

Ds/DOXIOO .Q

, Example 12 A high molecular weight Mannich condensation product is prepared by the one step process using high molecular weight polybutyl substituted (polybutyl group has an average of 60 carbons) phenol (916 NAMW) dissolved in SAE 5W oil, 0.9 mole tetraethylene pentamine and 1.8 mole formaldehyde for a respective molar ratio of reactan'ts of 120.5:1. The dry product contains 82% high molecular weight Mannich condensation product (2000 NAMW) in the solvent oil.

This product is borated in the following manner. For each 250 grams of product (82% of 2000 NAMW Mannich condensation product) there is added 250 grams of SAE 5W oil and 19 grams boric acid. The mixture is stirred, heated slowly to and held at 300 F. for 7 hours while injecting nitrogen to remove by-product water. The dried product is filtered to remove unreacted boric acid using Celite filter-aid. The filtrate is a clear solution containing 0.23% boron.

Example 13 There are combined, stirred and heated to 160 F., 2000 grams of SAE 5 oil solution of (45.9%) polybutylsubstituted phenol of 1600 NAMW to provide 0.716 mole of that substituted phenol, 94 grams (0.495 mole) tetraethylene pentamine'and 420 grams of SAE 5W oil. Then one drop of liquid silicon. anti:foam.agent and 100 milli-.

liters of formalin (37% CH O) to provide 1.318 moles formaldehyde are added at one time to the hot stirred mixture. After the temperature increase from the reaction of the added formaldehyde has occurred, the temperature of the stirred solution of reaction product is increased to 300 F. and nitrogen is injected into stirred and heated solution. Nitrogen injection and stirring is continued while the solution is held at a temperature of about 310 F. (1 10 F.) for two hours to drive off byproduct water. Then the solution is filtered. The hot filtrate is bright, i.e., has a good clarity. The solution contains-about 42% by weight of high molecular weight Mannich condensation product, a nitrogen content of 1.02% and a viscosity of 1013 SSU at 210 F. The reactantspolybutyl-substituted' phenol, amine and formal dehyde are used in the respective molar ratio of 1:0.69:1.835.

The product of the foregoing example, oil solution having 1.07% nitrogen and of the high molecular Weight Mannich condensation product as solute in the 42% concentration, is borated with'boric acid to a boron content of 0.1%. This boric acid borated derivative is usedin a crankcase lubricant oil formulation at a 4.5- volume percent concentration (about 2 weight percent of condensation product) with either 2.0 volume percent of 300 total base number (TBN) calcium sulfonate or- 1.0 volume percent 300 TBN magnesium sulfonate and 1.0 volume percent of the solution of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate anti wear'and anti-corrosion agent (hereafter more specificially defined). Both crankcase lubricant oil formulations (one with 300 TBN Ca-sulfonate and the other with 300 TBN Mg-sulfonate) when used in the Ford-289 cubic inch displacement Engine Test hereafter described, result in Total Sludge values in the range of 41 to 48 and Total Varnish values in the range of 41 to 43. Similar crankcase lubricant oil formulations, the only exception being the use of 3 volume percent of boric acid borated product of the foregoing example having 0.3% boron product equivalent high detergency-dispersancy results in the Ford-289 Engine Test (sludge values of 41 to 48 and Varnish Values of 40 to 43) and provide in the CLR- L38 Engine Test (hereafter described) designed to evaluate high temperature oxidation stability of crankcase lubricant oils, varnish and bearing loss values in the passing range for premium oils Spot Dispersancy Test (hereafter described) using 3.1 volume percent of the oil solution having 0.3% boron produced a value of 88.5.

ENGINE TESTS The effectiveness of the substituted amine products of this invention as detergent-dispersant addition agent for lubricant oil compositions can be demonstrated by their use in such compositions as crankcase lubricants inactual engine tests such as the Lincoln Sequence V Engine Test, the Ford-289 Engine Test and the L-38 Engine Test aforementioned.

It will be noted that the hydroxyalkyl benzyl substituted amine products of this invention used in said tests unlike hydroxyalkyl benzyl substituted amines of the prior art are not used as their calcium, barium, magnesium or other alkaline earth metal or alkali metal salts.

The compounds of this invention can function as detergent-dispersant addition agents in lubricant oil compositions in the weight percent range suitably of from 0.1 to 10%, desirably in the range of 0.2 to 8.0% and preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5%. However, lubricant oil solutions having 10 to 50% or more by weight of the novel hydroxyalkyl benzyl substituted polyalkylene amines of this invention including the bis(polyalkylene amine) carbamides and thiocarbamides are useful in the preparation of finished lubricant oil compositions because they can be readily and conviently combined with concentrates of other lubricant oil addition agents such as oil solutions of the alkaline earth metal sulfonates, e.g. normal and high based calcium and magnesium salts of petroleum sulfonic acids such as sour oil, mahogany acid and alkyl substituted benzene sulfonic acids having alkyl hydrocarbon groups of a carbon content of greater than 16 and more specifically of 30 to 20,000 carbon atom alkyl hydrocarbon group size, oil solutions of zinc dialkyldithio-.

phosphates and other concentrate solutions of lubricant addition agents all of which are used for their anti-wear, anti-corrosion, anti-foam, oxidation inhibition, oiliness, vlscoisty-index improving properties. For example, the oil solution concentrates having 10 to 50% by weight of the novel substituted amine products of this invention can be easily blend mixed with base oils and oil solution concentrates of the aforementioned addition agents having anti-wear, anti-corrosion, viscosity-index improving, anti-foam, etc. properties in transfer line blending, i.e.

each concentrate and base oil are charged to a transfer. line from source of supply of each concentrate in the re-' The four-hour cycle is reset a total of 48 times (192 hours running time). After each 16 hours of operation the engine is shut down for 8 hours. Two-ounce samples of oil are taken every 3.0 hours and the oil level is adjusted with fresh oil to a level of five quarts. Added oil is weighed. At the time of the test, the hot oil is drained, weighed and recorded. The engine is then disassembled and the test for deposits of varnish and sludge among other observable results is set out in the table below. Engine compo nents are examined visually and rated on a scale of 1 to 10, 10 being a perfect reading indicating no sludge or varnish. A rating of 50 for total sludge and for total varnish is considered perfect; a rating of 60 percent or lower is considered passing for screen clogging; and a rating of 50 percent or lower is considered passing for ring plugging.

FORD-289 ENGINE TEST The Ford 289 cubic inch displacement engine test, hereinafter designated as F-289 Test, is conducted in the 1'6 ues of 1 to 10 for the color and extent of varnish deposit. In this varnish value scale of l to 10, the value'lO' represents a clean and varnish free piston and the value 1 rep: resents a substantially, :complete dark varnish coated piston. To qualify as 'a premium oil additive thewarnish val'ue' shouldbe 9.0 andabove.

The following lubricant formulations in whichall per cent of the addition agent indicated are by volume, are

prepared for use-in the foregoing engine-tests. Product'sof" this invention are identified by reference to the appropriate example of preparation and the volume percent solution produced. The weight 'per'cent of the solute product or dissolved is that of'the active ingredients, i.e ."the" dis solved substituted amine product, is shown under weight percent. Where used -Ca-300 and Mg-300 designate the respective sulfonates dissolved as concentrates in" SAE 5W oil with a total base number of 300. for the solution and other higher or lower numbers designate higher or lower solution total base numbers. The designation ZOP .is used to identify a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate anti-wear anticorrosion addition agent whose alkyl groups are derived from the conjoint reaction of threedif-j ferent alcohols, two of which are primary alcoholssuch. as C and C oxo-derived alcohols and the third is ag secondary alcohol such as isopropyl or sec-butyl alcohols, with phosphorous pentasulfide and the total moles of the. three alcohols in the stoichiometric amount .required to obtain dialkyl dithiophosphoric acidv for reaction with zinc or zinc oxide. Thus the ZOP is a statistical mixture of the zinc salts having the three aforementioned alcohol derived alkyl groups. Since the relative proportions of C iso, C primary and C primary alcohols can be varied:

considerably to provide an oil-soluble zinc salt, their precise proportions need not be indicated. A ZOP product typical of that used is aconcentrate zinc 'dialkyl'dithiophosphate in SAE 5W oil having the following typical properties: Solution has 2108 F. viscosity of -67 'SSU,'"5% Zn, 8% P and 16% S, all by weight."

TABLE IL-TEsT OIL FORMULATIONS Example Percent Vol. Weight Formulation Number percent; percent ZOP Oat-300' Mg-300 Base 011 Number u v i same manner as the Lincoln Test Sequence V except for the apparent difference in test engines. This F-289 Test is more severe with respect to both sludge and varnish formation and deposition. Also the F-289 Test is conducted with vapors from the crankcase being introduced into the engine fuel intake system by means of a positive crankcase ventilation system which, in part, results in the more severe sludge and varnish formation during test operation.

L-38 ENGINE TEST The L-38 Engine Test is also known as CLR L-38 Engine Test and is designed to evaluate high temperature oxidation stability of the formulated lubricant oil and such evaluation is based on piston varnish deposit and copper-lead bearing corrosion. In this test a single cylinder water cooled Lebeco oil test engine is operated at 3150 r.p.m. for .40 hours with the test oil formulation.- The oil is maintained at 300 F. and cooling water is maintained at 195 F. Copper-lead connecting rod bearings are weighed before and after the 40 hour test. Bearing weight loss (BWL) of milligrams or less is desired. After the 40 hour test the piston is visually evaluated and a varnish value is assigned by comparison to varnish deposit pictorial standards having assigned val- The results of using above formulations in the Lincoln- Sequence V Engine Test are presented in TABLE III.

TABLE IIL-LINCOLN SEQUENCE v ENGINE TEsT'- RESULTS Percent oil ring Sludge Varnish plugging Formulation number:

I 50 48 0 III 41 38 0 The results of the use of the indicated formulations in the Ford-289 Engine Test are given in Table IV.

TABLE IV.1 ORD289 ENGINE TEST RESULTS oilring Sludge Varnish :plugging Formulation number: IV 48 I 43 L0 The results'from the CLR L 38 "Engine Te'st using the" formulation indicated are given in Table V.

Percent- Lubricant oil formulations prepared from other of the products of this invention when used in the foregoing engine tests in the same or higher amounts of active ingredient will provide for the obtention of the same or superior results.

In general, the active ingredient product of this invention obtained as solute in light mineral oil have structural formulae as hereinbefore shown.

What is claimed is:

1. An improved lubricant oil composition comprising a major amount of a hydrocarbon lubricating oil and from 0.1 to 70 weight percent of said composition of a boroncontaining derivative of a Mannich reaction product of the condensation of the reactants (1) a high molecular weight alkyl-substituted phenol whose alkyl-substituent has from about 40 to about 20,000 carbon atoms, (2) a polyamine of the formula H(II\IA);NH2

wherein x is an integer of from 1 to 10 and A is a divalent hydrocarbon radical of 2 to 8 carbon atoms and (3) a formaldehyde afiording compound in the respective reactant molar ratio of 1.0:0.110:1.010.0 condensed with a boron oxide, halide, or acid to provide a boron-containing product having a B/N weight ratio of 0.1-4.0:1.0.

2. The lubricant oil composition of claim 1 wherein the concentration of said boron-containing derivative is from 0.1-5 weight percent and wherein the alkyl substituent in said high molecular weight alkyl-substituted phenol has a molecular weight of 600-3000.

3. The lubricant oil composition of claim 2 wherein the alkyl-substituent is a polypropylor polybutyl-substituent.

4. The lubricant oil composition of claim 3 wherein the polyamine is tetraethylene pentamine and the boron compound is boric acid.

5. The lubricant oil composition of claim 4 wherein the boric acid concentration is 0.5 to 5 weight percent.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,000,916 9/1961 Klass et a1. 252-496 X 3,036,003 5/1962 Verdol 2S233.4 3,087,936 4/1963 Le Suer 260462 R 3,368,972 2/1968 Otto 252-515 R DANIEL E. WYMAN, Primary Examiner W. H. CANNON, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 252389 

